of these environmental
of these environmental impact indicators shall be used with care as the uncertainties on these results are high as there is limited experience with the indicator. Disclaimer 3 – for the indicators PM = Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions; IR = Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems; HTP-c = Potential comparative Toxic Unit for humans (cancerogenic); HTP-nc = Potential comparative Toxic Unit for humans (not cancerogenic); SQP = Potential soil quality index. The results of these environmental impact indicators are not declared in the EPD as the uncertainties on these results are high and as there is limited experience with the indicators. 6. LCA: Interpretation A1-A3 are the modules with the majority of the impacts. Overall, most of the impact categories are dominated by energy processes and raw materials consumption for ceramic mixtures. Global warming potential (GWP), into A1-A3 modules, is generated by the energy process for 72 % and by raw materials for 18 %. Energy consumption impact also on abiotic fossil depletion (ADPEf) for about 68 %. The ozone layer depletion (ODP) is driven by glaze and colourants for 5 2 %, 29 % by energy (mainly electricity) and 15 % by raw materials extraction. Eutrophication potential (EP marine-terrestrial) is distributed between energy consumption (23 %) and extraction of raw material (11 %), transport (24 %) but also direct emission due to an atomize process for about 12 %. Eutrophication potential (EP-freshwater) Is driven by raw material extraction (29 %) and packaging (21 %). Production of glazes and colourants for mixture results are important for the depletion of abiotic elements (ADPe) due to the production of natural elements like oxides of zinc, aluminium and lead. Energy and transport are also important for POCP (26 % and 20 % respectively). WDP impact is driven by mixture production (almost 26 %), followed by firing emissions (20 %), ATM emissions and energy (16 % both) The following figure (refer to 1 year of use and end-oflife Scenario 100 % landfill) show how impacts are distributed between the phases considered in this EPD: The primary data collected during the study constitutes a representative sample of the member companies of Confindustria Ceramica and of the Italian situation in the ceramic tile sector. The primary data used present a certain level of variability from the calculated average, due to an intrinsic unevenness of the different companies induced by the various optimising capabilities of the processes required for tile production. For this reason, this variability is considered acceptable and representative of the current Italian situation. Using the available primary data, it was possible to calculate a worst-case scenario and a best-case scenario variation of results for the A1-A3 module and the environmental indicator GWP. The results show that for the worst-case scenario, the impact increases by 15% (12.6E+01kgCO 2 eq) while in the best-case scenario, the impact decreases by 16 % (9.25+E00kgCO 2 eq). More accurate variations from the average cannot be calculated based on the data collected. More specific results can only be obtained when individual LCA studies are carried out for individual products from individual plants. 7. Requisite evidence Ceramics is inert, therefore during the use stage, does not emit any pollutants or substances which are harmful to the environment and health. For this reason and according to PCR, evidence is not required because it is not relevant for this product group. 8. References Standards EN 15804 EN 15804:2012+A2:2019+AC:2021, Sustainability of construction works — Environmental Product Declarations — Core rules for the product category of construction products. ISO 14025 EN ISO 14025:2011, Environmental labels and declarations — Type III environmental declarations — Principles and procedures. ISO 9001 ISO 9001:2015, Quality management systems — Requirements. ISO 10545-3 10 Environmental Product Declaration Confindustria Ceramica – Italian Ceramic Tiles
UNI EN ISO 10545-3:2018, Ceramic tiles — Part 3: Determination of water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent relative density and bulk density. ISO 10545-4 UNI EN ISO 10545-4:2019, Ceramic tiles — Part 4: Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength. ISO 10545-5 UNI EN ISO 10545-5:2000, Ceramic tiles — Part 5: Determination of impact resistance by measurement of coefficient of restitution. ISO 10545-6 UNI EN ISO 10545-6:2010, Ceramic tiles — Part 6: Determination of resistance to deep abrasion for unglazed tiles. ISO 10545-7 UNI EN ISO 10545-7:2000, Ceramic tiles — Part 7: Determination of resistance to surface abrasion for glazed tiles. ISO 10545-8 UNI EN ISO 10545-8:2014 Ceramic tiles — Part 8: Determination of linear thermal expansion. ISO 10545-9 UNI EN ISO 10545-9:2014, Ceramic tiles — Part 9: Determination of resistance to thermal shock. ISO 10545-10 UNI EN ISO 10545-10:2021, Ceramic tiles — Part 10: Determination of moisture expansion. ISO 10545-11 UNI EN ISO 10545-11:2000, Ceramic tiles — Part 11: Determination of crazing resistance for glazed tiles. ISO 10545-12 UNI EN ISO 10545-12:2000, Ceramic tiles — Part 12: Determination of frost resistance. ISO 10545-13 UNI EN ISO 10545-13:2017, Ceramic tiles — Part 13: Determination of chemical resistance. ISO 10545-14 UNI EN ISO 10545-14:2015, Ceramic tiles — Part 14: Determination of resistance to stains. ISO 10545-15 UNI EN ISO 10545-15:2021, Ceramic tiles — Part 15: Determination of lead and cadmium given off by glazed tiles ISO 13006 ISO 13006:2018, Ceramic tiles – Definition, classification, characteristics and marking. EN 13501-1 UNI EN 13501-1:2019, Fire classification of construction products and building elements ISO 14001 ISO 14001:2015, Environmental management systems — Requirements with guidance for use. EN 14411: 2012 EN 14411: 2012, Ceramic tiles – Definition, classification, characteristics evolution of conformity and marking. EN 14411: 2016 EN 14411: 2016, Ceramic tiles – Definition, classification, characteristics assessment and verification of constancy of performance and marking. DIN EN ISO 15686, 2011-05 ISO 15686-1:2011, Buildings and constructed assets — Service life planning — Part 1: General principles and framework. ISO 45001 ISO 45001:2018, Occupational health and safety management systems — Requirements with guidance for use. ISO 50001 ISO 50001:2018, Energy management systems — Requirements with guidance for use. Further References GaBi 10 Life cycle assessment software and database, by Sphera Solutions GmbH, Leinfelden-Echterdingen, 2022 (http://documentation.gabisoftware.com/). IBU 2021 Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V.: General Instructions for the EPD programme of Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V., Version 2.0, Berlin: Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V., 2021 PCR Part A PCR - Part A: Calculation rules for the Life Cycle Assessment and Requirements on the Background Report, version 2.1, Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V., 2021. PCR Part B PCR – Part B: Requirements of the EPD for Ceramic tiles and panel, version 1.6, Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V., www.bau-umwelt.com, 2017. www.ibu-epd.com Ceramic of Italy Ceramics of Italy is the collective label of the Italian ceramic industry (tiles, sanitaryware and tableware). It stands for tradition, quality, innovation and creativity as well as for a guarantee of Made in Italy production. Ceramics of Italy, promoted by Confindustria Ceramica – the Italian association of ceramics – is a registered trademark of Edi.Cer. SpA, the organizer of Cersaie, the most important international exhibition of ceramic tile and bathroom furnishings held every year in Bologna, Italy (www.cersaie.it). BNB 2011 BBSR table "useful lives of components for Life Cycle Analysis by BNB ", Federal Institute for Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development, Division II Sustainable Building; available online at http://www.nachhaltigesbauen.de/baustoffundgebaeudedaten/ useful lives-of-bauteilen.html; stand 12/2015 11 Environmental Product Declaration Confindustria Ceramica – Italian Ceramic Tiles
