Data used by the
Data used by the previous project and referring to 2014 are considered still valid for the year 2020. 3.8 Allocation Energy and material supplies have been allocated to the product based on (the) annually produced mass of ceramic tiles. No further allocations have been applied within the subsequent module. Moreover, some ceramic wastes are internally recycled; credits from energy recovery of packaging materials from the end-of-life of the product are taken into account. 3.9 Comparability Basically, a comparison or an evaluation of EPD data is only possible if all the data sets to be compared were created according to EN 15804 and the building context, respectively the product-specific characteristics of performance, are taken into account. The GaBi10 database (2022.2) has been used. 4. LCA: Scenarios and additional technical information Characteristic product properties Information on biogenic carbon The packaging material contains biogenic carbon content which is presented below. Information on describing the biogenic Carbon Content at factory gate Name Value Unit Biogenic Carbon Content in - kg C product Biogenic Carbon Content in 0.282 kg C accompanying packaging For the preparation of building life cycle assessments, it must be taken into account that in module A5 (installation in the building) the biogenic amount of CO 2 (0.282 kg C *3.67 = 1.036 kg CO 2 -eq.) of the packaging bound in module A1-A3 is mathematically booked out. Transport to the building site (A4) Confindustria Ceramica's member companies commercialize their ceramic tiles in Italy, Europe and the rest of the world. Average default transportation scenarios are used and displayed below. Name Value Unit Litres of fuel 31 l/100km Capacity utilisation (including empty runs) 0.85 % National destination Truck with a capacity of 27 tons (17.8 % of tiles 300 km sold) European destination Truck with a capacity of 27 tons (54.7 % of tiles 1390 km sold) Transoceanic freight ship (27.5 % of tiles sold) 6520 km Installation into the building (A5) For the installation stage, 3 options are defined, where different materials can be used. For option 1, adhesives, mortar and water, for option 2 mortar dispersion adhesives and polysulfides for option 3 also cementitious adhesives (different quantities for different tile formats). These considerations are based on average data from different manufacturers of ceramic tiles in Europe. In this EPD it is assumed that the tiles are installed using cementitious adhesive (option 3). For the treatment of packaging waste, a European average scenario is used and shown, taken from “Eurostat, 2019”, therefore the end of life is recycling, energy recovery and landfill. The ceramic material loss considered is 6.5 %. Name Value Unit Cementitious adhesive 6 kg Use or application of the installed product (B1) see section 2.12 "Use" Ceramic tiles are robust and have a hard, abrasionresistant surface. There are no impacts on the environment during the use stage Name Value Unit Maintenance (B2) Ceramic covering products shall be cleaned regularly, to a greater or lesser degree, depending on the type of building: residential, commercial, or healthcare. Thus, the consumption of water and disinfectant has been considered. The values declared in this stage refer to a time period of 1 year. Scenario for maintaining ceramic floor and wall tiles: Residential use: 0.2 ml of detergent and 0.1 l of water are used to wash 1 m 2 of ceramic tiles once a week for floor tiles and once every three months for wall tiles. This stage scenario is based on average data from different manufacturers of ceramic tiles in Europe. Name Value Unit Water consumption 0.1 l Detergent 0.0002 l Floor tile Maintenance cycle 52 Number/y ear Wall tile Maintenance cycle 4 Number/y ear Repair, replacement and refurbishment (B3, B4, B5) In general, the service life of ceramic tiles is the same as the building life time. Repair, replacement and refurbishment are not required for ceramic tiles. Name Value Unit Operational energy use (B6) and Operational water use (B7) These modules are not relevant for ceramic tiles. Name Value Unit End of life (C1-C4) 6 Environmental Product Declaration Confindustria Ceramica – Italian Ceramic Tiles
C1: This module considers the use of machinery (diesel consumption of 1.69E-5 per kg) to dismantle the product to enable its subsequent transport C2: The ceramic tile demolition waste is transported from the building site to a container or treatment plant by truck and an average distance of 20 km is considered. The return trip shall be included in the system. It can be considered an average distance of 30 km from the container or treatment plant to the final destination. The results for the end-of-life are declared for the 2 different scenarios: Name Value Unit Scenario No. 1 Recycling percentage 100 % Scenario No.1 Material to recycling 27.38 kg Scenario No. 2 Landfill percentage 100 % Scenario No.1 Material to landfill 27.38 kg C3: Recycling scenario includes the treatment of the ceramic material for later use as mineral/raw material. It is divided into 2 sub-scenarios: 1) Recycling 100 % 2) Recycling 0 % C4: Landfill disposal scenarios used is divided in the 2 sub-scenarios: 1) Landfilling 0 % 2) Landfilling 100 % Reuse, recovery and/or recycling potentials (D), relevant scenario information Module D includes credits from materials recycling of tiles (only for the recycling scenario) and packaging, and energy credits from thermal recovery of the packaging. The results for module D are declared for the 2 different scenarios. 7 Environmental Product Declaration Confindustria Ceramica – Italian Ceramic Tiles
